Networking

   TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE :   TCP/IP =Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. What is TCP/IP ? is a protocol suite (a set of protocols organized in different layers) used in the Internet today. It is a hierarchical protocol made up of interactive modules .  each of which provides a specific functionality. What is The term hierarchical : means that each upper level protocol is supported by the services provided by one or more lower level protocols. The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as four software layers built upon the hardware. Today, however, TCP/IP is thought of as a five-layer model.  What is Layered Architecture ? Layered Architecture : To show how the layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite are involved in communication between two hosts, we assume that we want to use the suite in a small internet made up of three LANs (links) . each with a link-layer switch.  We also assume that the links are connected by one router . Comm...

  What is a backbones ? backbones are large networks owned by some communication companies such as Sprint, Verizon (MCI), AT&T, and NTT.  What is peering points ? The backbone networks are connected through some complex switching systems, called peering points. At the second level, there are smaller networks, called  provider networks  . What is provider networks ? that use the services of the backbones for a fee.  The provider networks are connected to backbones and sometimes to other provider networks. What is customer networks ? The customer networks are networks at the edge of the Internet that actually use the services provided by the Internet. They pay fees to provider networks for receiving services.  Read also : What is Internet ? Internet network ? ISPs vs customer vs provider vs backbones Network Switching Definition & Types ? circuit-switched networks VS packet-switched networks ? What is Intern et Service Providers (ISPs) ? Backbones and...